The Effect of Thalassemia and its correlation with Hemoglobin A and A2 in both genders across different age groups

تأثير مرض الثلاسيميا (انيميا البحر المتوسط) وعلاقته بالهيموجلوبين (أ) و( أ2) لدى الجنسين في مختلف الفئات العمرية

Abstract

Thalassemia is one of the diseases of anemia, and anemia defined as a disease in which there is decrease in the number of red blood cell, (Mediterranean anemia) is one of the most important hereditary blood disorder genetic that effect in the human body because hemoglobin mainly consist of two different types of protein alpha globin and beta globin with hemi pigment to form the complete hemoglobin molecule. The aim of this study to assess the gender and age distribution of the patient population. And to evaluate the levels of HbA2 and HbA in patients with thalassemia and to compare among HbA2 and HbA levels across different gender and age groups. In Material and Methods, The research sample was taken from laboratory records at Tripoli Medical Hospital. The result showed that The gender distribution was relatively balanced with a slight predominance of male patients was reported (52.1%) compared to female patients that were reported (47.9%). ages of the patients ranged from one month to 71 years. Most of the cases were children and infants (58.7%), while adolescents constituted 9.9%. Adults aged 20-40 constituted 21%, while the elderly over 40 years of age constituted 10.5%. Hemoglobin A2 and HbA levels in thalassemia patients the normal hemoglobin A2 levels was (2-3.5%): The majority of patients (88.6%) have normal hemoglobin A2 levels, indicating effective treatment for most patients. High hemoglobin A2 levels (>3.5%): A smaller proportion of patients (11.4%) still have high hemoglobin A2 levels, which is consistent with beta thalassemia. We recommend conducting a study on this topic, especially since there is a diversity in the spread of this genetic disease in different age groups. Further studies on this topic are needed in other regions of Libya. There is also a need for more studies on anemia and to pay close attention to cases of the disease. As is known, thalassemia is a genetic disease, and there are traditional societies in our country where marriage between relatives is common, which gives a great opportunity for this disease to appear and be passed down through generations. Therefore, we can only pay attention to the patients and conduct studies and focus on the younger age groups. In conclusion, the study result indicated that children and infants had the highest infection rate, while the lowest infection rate was recorded in adolescents and the elderly, with a very slight difference and a predominance of the elderly, indicating that a small but significant number of patients live with thalassemia until adulthood.